Market and Marketing
Market and marketing are some of the key success factors of any business activity. Without the existence of a market, other factors like production, personnel, finance and so on have…
Feed Production For Ideal Layers Hen Productivity
Feed Production For Ideal Layers Hen Productivity The advent of self-milling in layers poultry production is one of utmost importance and great potential for maximizing profit for egg farmers. Feed…
Financial Markets In Ghana
FINANCIAL MARKETS IN GHANA E. Asiedu-Mante INTRODUCTION The banking systems has developed systematically over the years and presently consist of 17 banks engaged variously in commercial, development and merchant banking…
Bank Distress in Liberia
BANK DISTRESS IN LIBERIA C. Kaba INTRODUCTION This paper explains developments in the financial sector immediately after the cessation of hostilities and the restoration of near normalcy, at least in…
Bank Distress in Gambia
BANK DISTRESS IN GAMBIA INTRODUCTION The Gambia currently has four commercial banks and one Islamic bank with the former having branches in the rural areas. In addition to these banks,…
Banking Supervision In WAMU Countries
BANKING SUPERVISION IN WAMU COUNTRIES KPODAR EKUE 1 INTRODUCTION The West African Monetary Union (UEMOA) comprises eight countries, namely Benin, Burkina, Cote d’lvoire, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Togo, and Guinea-Bissau. These…
Prudential Regulation And Central Banking Policy
PRUDENTIAL REGULATION AND CENTRAL BANKING POLICY INTRODUCTION Adequate bank regulation and supervision are crucial prerequisites for both financial stability and flexibility, (Polizatto, 1990). To a certain extent, supervision can substitute…
Macroeconomic Reforms And Bank Distress
MACROECONOMIC REFORMS AND BANK DISTRESS Chris. O. Itsede INTRODUCTION Attempts to restructure the banking sector in many countries have led to the realization that for any meaningful bank restructuring to…
Harmonisation Of Macroeconomic Policies In The Ecowas Sub-region
HARMONISATION OF MACROECONOMIC POLICIES IN THE ECOWAS SUB-REGION R.D Asante 1 INTRODUCTION In July 1995, as part of the process towards the achievement of economic and monetary union, the ECOWAS…
The Pursuit of Monetary Policy in Developing Countries
THE PURSUIT OF MONETARY POLICY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 1. INTRODUCTION This paper aims at examining and analyzing the conduct of monetary policy in developing countries (with particular reference to those…
Central Bank Independence in Developed Countries
CENTRAL BANK INDEPENDENCE IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS CHIEF B. A. OKE. 1. INTRODUCTION The issue of central bank independence is as old as central banking and has remained…
Issues in Central Bank Independence
ISSUES IN CENTRAL BANK INDEPENDENCE Chris Ehi Nemedia INTRODUCTION The question of independence of central bank has to do with the proper relationship between the monetary authority and rest of…
Purchasing, Supplying And Selling Of Goods And Services
PURCHASING, SUPPLYING AND SELLING OF GOODS AND SERVICES PURCHASE AND SUPPLY OF GOODS AND SERVICES Purchasing and supply are the activities of acquiring goods or services to accomplish the goals…
Planning For A Personal Marketing Outlet
PLANNING FOR A PERSONAL MARKETING OUTLET SOURCES OF FUND There are many sources of business funds, but the most common ones are: Self-financing This is the number-one form of financing…
Information & Communication Technology (ICT)
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) THE ROLE OF ICT IN INTERNATIONAL MARKETING Information and Communications Technology (ICT) according to Fathi Al Riyami (2013), provides businesses with avenues that allow them…
Organising For International Marketing
ORGANISING FOR INTERNATIONAL MARKETING APPROACHES TO INTERNATIONAL MARKETING Indirect Export Indirect market entry methods involve the use of intermediaries who handle all documentations, physical movement of goods, and channels of…
Meaning & Reasons For International Marketing
MEANING AND REASONS FOR INTERNATIONAL MARKETING MEANING OF INTERNATIONAL MARKETING International marketing according to Tim Friesner (2014) is simply the application of marketing principles to more than one country. International…
Marketing Of Mineral Products
MARKETING OF MINERAL PRODUCTS WHAT ARE MINERAL PRODUCTS? To meet the definition of “mineral” a substance must meet five requirements: • naturally occurring • inorganic • solid • definite chemical…
The Marketing Role Facilitators
THE MARKETING ROLE FACILITATORS WHO ARE FACILITATORS? Because marketing functions require significant expertise, it is often both efficient and effective for an organization to use the assistance of independent marketing…
Structures & Market Unions For The Sale Of Products
STRUCTURES AND MARKET UNIONS FOR THE SALE OF PRODUCTS PRIMARY AND SECONDARY PRODUCTS Primary Products Primary products are products in their natural states for example, raw materials that are “extracted”…
Warehousing – Types, Functions & Advantages
WAREHOUSING – TYPES, FUNCTIONS AND ADVANTAGES WHAT IS A WAREHOUSE? A warehouse is a commercial building for storage of goods. Warehouses are used by manufacturers, importers, exporters, wholesalers, transport businesses,…
Transportation – Importance, Modes & Choice Of Transport Mode
TRANSPORTATION – IMPORTANCE, MODES AND CHOICE OF TRANSPORT MODE MEANING AND IMPORTANCE Meaning of transportation Transportation is a means of moving goods and people from one location to the other.…
Pricing Strategies & Methods/Price Determinants
PRICING STRATEGIES AND METHODS/PRICE DETERMINANTS WHAT IS PRICE? Price represents the value of a good or service. It is a component of an exchange or transaction that takes place between…
Types & Functions Of Distribution
TYPES AND FUNCTIONS OF DISTRIBUTION WHAT IS DISTRIBUTION? In marketing, distribution is the process of moving a product from its manufacturing source to its customers. It is the movement of…
Merchandising – Features, Conditions & Functions
MERCHANDISING – FEATURES, CONDITIONS AND FUNCTIONS MERCHANDISING Merchandising is any practice which contributes to the sale of products to a retail consumer. At a retail store level, merchandising refers to…
Role Of Advertising & Advertising Media, Electronic/Print Media
ROLE OF ADVERTISING AND ADVERTISING MEDIA, ELECTRONIC/PRINT MEDIA WHAT IS ADVERTISING? Definitions In order to have a clear picture of what advertising is all about we shall examine definitions by…
Promotion – Functions & Benefits, Sales Promotion
PROMOTION – FUNCTIONS AND BENEFITS, SALES PROMOTION WHAT IS PROMOTION? Promotion is the element in an organization’s marketing mix that serves to inform, persuade, and remind the market of the…
Marketing Planning & Research
MARKETING PLANNING AND RESEARCH WHAT IS MARKETING PLANNING Simply put, planning means deciding now what to do in the future including when and how you are going to do it.…
Consumer & Organisational Behaviours
CONSUMER AND ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOURS WHAT IS CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR? Consumer behaviour or buyer behaviour is the observable actions and reactions of the consumer in relation to the marketing mix, his person,…
Types Of Markets
TYPES OF MARKETS WHAT IS A MARKET? A market is defined as an actual or nominal place where forces of demand and supply operate, and where buyers and sellers interact…
Marketing Mix & Environment
MARKETING MIX AND ENVIRONMENT THE MARKETING MIX The major marketing decisions can be classified in one of the following four categories: • Product • Price • Place (distribution) • Promotion…
Classification of Products
CLASSIFICATION OF PRODUCTS THE MEANING OF PRODUCT Definitions Evans and Herman, (1994) defined a product as an idea, a physical entity (a good) or a service, or any combination of…
Marketing Concepts
MARKETING CONCEPTS INTRODUCTION Marketing concepts are marketing ideas that lay emphasis on customer satisfaction. It urges organizations to focus on their customers’ needs, analyzing their needs and making such decisions…
Introduction To Marketing
INTRODUCTION TO MARKETING THE MEANING OF MARKETING Most people believe that marketing simply means the buying and selling of goods and services. Although ‘buying and selling’ fulfills the exchange function…
Problem Of Personal Income Tax Collection In Anambra State
PROBLEM OF PERSONAL INCOME TAX COLLECTION IN ANAMBRA STATE A CASE STUDY OF AWKA SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ANAMBRA STATE PROBLEM OF PERSONAL INCOME TAX COLLECTION IN ANAMBRA STATE…
Capital Markets, Its Nature And Significance
CAPITAL MARKETS, ITS NATURE AND SIGNIFICANCE Capital Markets, Its Nature And Significance INTRODUCTION A capital market is a complex institution comprising of regulators, facilitators, issuers and investors. It is the…
Effect Of Claim Settlement On Profit Maximization In The Insurance Industries
The Effect Of Claim Settlement On Profit Maximization In The Insurance Industries The Effect Of Claim Settlement On Profit Maximization In The Insurance Industries CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF…
Problems Prospects And Growth Of The Nigerian’s Chequeing System
PROBLEMS PROSPECTS AND GROWTH OF THE NIGERIAN’S CHEQUEING SYSTEM PROBLEMS PROSPECTS AND GROWTH OF THE NIGERIAN’S CHEQUEING SYSTEM CHAPTER ONE 1.1 INTRODUCTION The question is does an average Nigerian really…
Role Of Foreign Exchange Market In Achieving A Realistic Exchange Rate For Naira
THE ROLE OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKET IN ACHIEVING A REALISTIC EXCHANGE RATE FOR NAIRA Role Of Foreign Exchange Market In Achieving A Realistic Exchange Rate For Naira CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION…
Budget And Budgetary Control As A Means Of Achieving Organizational Objectives
BUDGET AND BUDGETARY CONTROL AS A MEANS OF ACHIEVING ORGANIZATIONAL OBJECTIVES (A CASE STUDY OF RANCCOR FOOD AND PACKAGING NIGERIA LTD). Budget And Budgetary Control As A Means Of Achieving…
Debt Management – The Problems And Prospects In Nigerian Finance Institutions
Debt Management – The Problems And Prospects In Nigerian Finance Institutions Debt Management – The Problems And Prospects In Nigerian Finance Institutions To reduce the liquidation and bankruptcy of our…
Poultry And Fish Farming Enterprises : Comparative Economic Analysis
Integrated Poultry And Fish Farming Enterprises : Comparative Economic Analysis In Ughelli North Local Government Area Of Delta State Poultry And Fish Farming Enterprises : Comparative Economic Analysis The Nigerian…
Consumer Goods – Evaluation Of The Roles Of Middlemen In Distribution
Consumer Goods – Evaluation Of The Roles Of Middlemen In Distribution Consumer Goods – Evaluation Of The Roles Of Middlemen In Distribution In the Nigeria market, many producers do not…
Popular Trade Associations In Nigeria
POPULAR TRADE ASSOCIATION IN NIGERIA 1. TRADE AND PROFESSIONALISM ASSOCIATION We all know the famous saying that “Unity is strength”. Therefore, it was after 18th century the idea of unionism…
Sales Vocabularies
SALES VOCABULARIES (a) AFTER – SALES – SERVICES The relationship of consumers / customers must be tailored with after – sale – service by the manufacturers / producers. It is…
Duties Of Exporting Salesmen
DUTIES OF EXPORTING SALESMEN The major duty of exporting salesmen is to obtain orders for his home country products from customers in the oversea countries. And, these embraces the following…
General Duties Of Salesmen
GENERAL DUTIES OF SALESMEN They act physically as a specialist advisers, especially in industrial marketing like the installation of accessories material. They are responsible for collecting payment for any sales…
Channels Of Distribution
CHANNELS OF DISTRIBUTION Channels of distribution are defined as network of intermediaries capable of linking the producer to the market. The movement also involves payment, information, and promotion of the…
Kinds of Salesmen & Functions
KINDS OF SALESMEN AND FUNCTIONS The size of the market and the types of product handled influence the ten principal types of selling positions discussed below:
Qualities Of Good Salesmen
QUALITIES OF GOOD SALESMEN Salesmen are special people that should posses certain distinct and defined characteristics. This is so because they represent ambassadors for their company. Many are they that…